![]() ![]() In this review we aim to update radiologists on four main topics to improve the understanding and diagnostic value of imaging in PTB. Radiology plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). However, there is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic will reverse the recent progress in reducing the TB global burden due to TB services disruption leading to delayed diagnosis, including active case finding and contact tracing, as well as treatment interruption. An estimated 60 million lives have been saved through improved diagnosis and treatment since 2000. Substantial efforts have been made as part of the WHO End TB strategy with a resulting 9% decrease in global incidence between 20. TB is present in all countries and age groups. ![]() There are several radiological signs that have been shown to correlate with positive or negative sputum smears, and radiologists should be aware of these signs as they play an important role in guiding the need for isolation and empirical anti-tuberculous therapy.Īccording to the World Health Organisation (WHO), tuberculosis (TB) remains in the top 10 causes of death worldwide with approximately 10 million cases diagnosed in 2019. We illustrate PTB appearances borrowed from other diseases in which the signs were initially described: the reversed halo sign, the galaxy sign and the cluster sign. We discuss new concepts in active PTB with special focus on imaging findings in immunocompromised individuals. We present the old, well-established findings ranging from primary TB to the common appearances of post-primary TB, including dissemination with tree-in-bud nodularity, haematogenous dissemination with miliary nodules and lymphatic dissemination. This review aims to improve understanding and diagnostic value of imaging in PTB. ![]() Radiology plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Tuberculosis remains a major global health issue affecting all countries and age groups. ![]()
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